In the world of video games, story has a fundamental role because if you are a person who gets bored with history, in video games you are more focused because you have to complete missions or discover new places or conquer nations. A game set in history can be “Call of Duty” set in World War II, so if you played Call of Duty you already knew that and didn’t have to study World War II.
OXO was the first video game created by college students named Alexander. S “Sandy” Douglas. It was played on a computer that used a cathode ray tube and as an EDSAC computer screen. Simulates a game of tic-tac-toe against the computer, single-player game, the player must select a game box.
A few years after World War II where everyone started from scratch using new innovations.
Inventing and experimenting with OXO other video games in the 1950s, for example “tennis for two”.
The world of video games was born thanks to Alexander and Douglas, two undergraduate students from the University of Cambridge who created their own game OXO.
Even in the arcades they began to put the first video games between the 70s and 80s starting from space invader to pac-man, mario bros, even in bars and casinos video games called slot machines which are games of chance were developed. Slot machines consist of a push button panel, there is also a double model, with armor in the compartment where the coins or banknotes are located.
The origin of Pac-Man is quite particular. In fact, it seems that the idea came to Tōru Iwatani during a dinner with some friends while he was looking at a pizza from which a slice had been removed. Months after that dinner, thanks to a development team divided into hardware and software and aided by Shigeo Funaki, the musician Toshio Kai also saw Pac-Man born. The game was sold in Japan under the name puck-man, the term derives from the Japanese word pakupaku or “to close and open the mouth”. The name was later changed to Pac-Man for its sale in the United States. Due to an unpleasant coincidence with an English swear word, it was feared that “Puckman” might be mutilated into an obscene “Fuckman”. Various hypotheses have been made regarding the reasons for the enormous success of the game, first of all its unusual and somewhat non-violent theme, in an era in which the world of video games was dominated by spaceships, laser beams and wars. Ken Uston, author of the best-selling book Mastering Pac-Man, points out that it is also a game in which, to be successful, intelligent exploitation of the ghosts’ behavioral patterns is more important than simple quick reflexes. Another feature is the simplicity of the controls as you only need one hand on the knob. The first versions of the software had a flaw: Pac-Man’s ghost enemies were forced to follow a fixed movement pattern, so much so that the game was excessively easy. The programmers then inserted a different movement pattern in subsequent versions and gave a personality to each of the four ghosts. The ghosts became as popular as Pac-Man, so much so that cartoon producers used them as antagonists in their Pac-Man animated series. The game developed throughout the West between early 1980 and mid-1983.
The first PlayStation was born in Japan on December 3, 1994.
The success of the PS1 is largely due to the enormous amount of games available in the catalogue, but also to its hardware power which allows developers to create other chapters superior to the first. A game for example is Resident Evil, the differences between the first and second chapter and the improved graphics but the hardware that ran them was the same.
Nintendo intends to take a step forward by building a player capable of holding its cartridges but also the CD-ROM. And from here the Playstation project was born together with Sony. Everything goes well but at the beginning of June 1991 Nintendo betrays Sony and decides to rely on Philips. Sony reacts to tradition and thus begins to design its own console called PlayStation, the company says goodbye to cartridges and focuses on CDs.
A choice that turns out to be a winning one. And we arrive at the date December 3, 1994. Attention fell on the joypad called controller and then dualshok composed of 4 buttons circle, triangle, square and x.
The first PlayStation sold more than 102 million.
At the end of 1996 PlayStation One reached 10 million sales worldwide, and for this achievement Sony created two limited edition consoles in gold and one midnight blue.
World War II began on September 1, 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland. On September 3, France and England joined forces to declare war on Germany. The Nazi army defeated Poland and captured Warsaw. On 30 September 1939 the Russians led by Stalin with the Molotov Pact invaded the spinning mill. In June 1940 Hitler expanded into Europe and conquered France.
After conquering France, Hitler also wanted to conquer the USSR, but first he wanted to conquer Great Britain, and so in 1940 Hitler declared war on Great Britain and started an air war but the Germans lost. In 1939, Italy did not enter the war due to its military unpreparedness, but the following year, on 10 June 1940, Benito Mussolini declared in front of everyone in Piazza Venezia in Rome that Italy was entering the war. In 1941 the number of victims increased. 1941 was a crucial year because there were:
1) The Italian-German invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece.
2) The German invasion of the USSR.
3) The battle between the English against the Germans and Italy against Africa.
4) The United States enters the war.
5) And the extermination of the Jews in concentration camps.
6) Italians, Japanese and Germans formed the Axis powers while the French, English and Americans became the Allied powers. The Nazis wanted to carry out the extermination of the Jews, the Nazis thought that the Jews were the most powerful in the world. More than 6 million Jews were exterminated in concentration camps, they died of hunger, worked very hard and slept on wooden planks without a mattress or pillow. Very tired Jews were taken to shower, but in the concentration camp showers it wasn’t water that came out but gas that killed them immediately. Hitler did not worry about the Molotov pact and so Hitler began Operation Barbarossa in 1941 and invaded the USSR, the unprepared Russians suffered a strong advance by the Germans, the Russians without respite with the help of Stalin managed to stop the Germans before conquering: Moscow, Stalingrad and Leningrad. Japan entered the war in 1941 because in December 1941 it bombed the naval base at Pearl Harbor, killing 4,000 people, destroying 230 planes and 18 ships, all this in just two hours. And so America also entered the war. In 1943, Italian-German troops retreated from Russia and were defeated in Africa. The Russians began their advance towards East Germany, while the Americans began the Normandy landing operation on June 6, 1944 to conquer Germany. A few months later Germany was forced to leave France, Belgium and Yugoslavia due to American troops. In March 1945 American troops liberated Belgium and Holland and invaded East Germany. In May 1945 Hitler committed suicide in the bunker where he was hiding. The now destroyed Germany signed the unconditional surrender. So on April 25, 1945 the Allies liberated Italy and the war in Europe ended. A few months later America bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki because Japan did not want to surrender and so the Second World War ended on September 2, 1945.
Battleship is very popular around the world, from being a pencil and paper game to being a board game with different publishing houses.
To play Naval Battle you need four tables, all of equal size. The squares in the table are identified by pairs of coordinates that correspond to row and column. traditionally letters are used for the columns and numbers for the rows.
At the beginning the players must place the ships by marking them on one of their two grids, a ship occupies a certain number of spaces on the table.
Players organize how many ships to have. Many players use a technique to refer to ships of various sizes, for example a submarine and usually a size 3 ship.
Once the ships have been positioned the game is made up of turns, the player whose turn it is fires a shot by saying a box (for example b-5) the opponent checks on the grid if there is something in the cell about which the opponent said or no, in If the player whose turn it is has not hit anything it is called water or he has missed, if in case he has hit something it is called a hit.
On the second table the players write down the shots they fired and their outcome, when a shot hits the last square of the sinking ship and the player who sunk it will say hit and sunk, the first one to sink the most ships wins.
The First Persian War began in 492 BC. and ended with the victory of the Athenians in the battle of Marathon. The conflict was decided by the king of Persia Darius I to punish Athens and Eretria where they had previously supported the poleis of Ionia during their revolt against Persian domination, provoking the anger of Darius who saw in the conflict the possibility of extending his dominion in Europe and protect the western frontier of his vast empire.
During the first campaign carried out in 492 BC, Mardonius (Persian general under the command of Darius I and then of his son Xerxes) was sent to Macedonia and Thrace where he was defeated by the Bigi Thracians, subsequently the campaign was interrupted by the shipwreck of the Persian fleet during a storm off Mount Athos.
The following year Darius sent many crops throughout Greece asking them in exchange to become his subjects, almost all the cities accepted but Sparta and Athens did not accept and killed the ambassadors, seeing that Athens was angry with him and that Sparta had declared war. he Darius ordered a military expedition for the following year.
The second campaign began in 492 BC. and was commanded by Datis (Persian general) and Artafernes (Persian general son of Sardis Artafernes), the expedition focused on the conquest of the Cyclades islands, which were all united to the Persian empire including Naxos which in 499 BC. had managed to resist) having reached the mainland the troops landed in Eretria which was conquered and razed to the ground and its citizens reduced to slavery, while the Persian empire headed towards Attica and landed in Marathon where it was seriously defeated by the small protected army from the poleis of Athens and Plataea.
The defeat prevented the continuation of the expedition, forcing the Persians to return to Asia with their Erestri prisoners. However, Persia managed to achieve most of the objectives by punishing most of the people who supported the Ionian rebels and conquering the Aegean islands.
Given the bad interruption of the expedition, Darius prepared another much larger one to definitively conquer Greece and punish Athens and Sparta, but this expedition was continually postponed due to a local epidemic within the Achaemenid empire and Darius died . of old age.
The task of conducting a new campaign was left to his son Xerxes I who activated it in 480 BC.
The Second Persian War was a series of military conflicts involving the Persian Empire of King Xerxes I and the Greek city-states, particularly Athens and Sparta. of Plataea.
The cause of the war was the rivalry between Greece and the Persian Empire, which had attempted to expand into Europe.
The Battle of Thermopylae: began in 480 BC. a small Greek army led by Leonidas I of Sparta, where they attempted to halt the Persian advance through a mountain pass called Thermopylae, despite resistance the Greeks were defeated but this gave the city-states time to prepare for defence.
The Battle of Artemisium: began in 480 BC, at sea the Greek fleet fought against the Persians at Artemisium, the two battles Artemisium and Thermopylae occurred temporarily.
The Battle of Salamis: Beginning in 480 BC, the Greek fleet commanded by Themistocles of Athens taught the Persians a lesson in the waters of Salamis. this victory was crucial in turning the tide of the war.
The Battle of Plataea and the Battle of Mycale began in 479 BC, the Greeks, after many clashes, managed to repel the Persian invasion.
The victories achieved by Greece were crucial in defending the independence of the Greek city-states, the Persian War is considered one of the key events that helped shape Western civilization.